Docket No:  UM 1276 Docket Name:  INVESTIGATION INTO PERFORMANCE-BASED RATEMAKING MECHANISMS Submit Public Comment In the Matter of THE PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION OF OREGON An investigation regarding performance-based ratemaking mechanisms to address potential build-vs.-buy bias. Filed by Steve W. Chriss. (Staff report for August 22, 2006 Public Meeting, Item... Filing Date:  8/22/2006       Order:  11-001 Order Signed:  1/3/2011   Email Service List (semi-colon delimited)      Email Service List (comma delimited)   If you experience problems with the above 'Email Service List' links, please try one of these: Service List Popup (semi-colon delimited)     Service List Popup (comma delimited)

ACTIONS SERVICE LIST SCHEDULE Public Comments Sort By Date        Sort By Type Date: 1/3/2011 Action:  ORDER      Order No:   11-001    Description Order No. 11-001 signed by Ray Baum, John Savage, and Susan K. Ackerman; Disposition: Docket Closed, Docket UM 1182 Reopened. Copies served 1/4/11.  Date: 8/25/2010 Action:  SERVICE LIST CHANGE      Description CUB's Notice of Change to Service List and Waiver of Paper Service, updating address and adding G. Catriona McCracken, Kevin E. Parks, Raymond Myers, Gordon Feighner, and John Sturm. Filed electronically by Kevin E. Parks. Hard copy rec'd 8/26/10.  Date: 8/25/2010 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description CITIZENS UTILITY BOARD OF OREGON's Signatory Page related to Protective Order No. 07-513; Filed electronically by Kevin E. Parks. Qualified persons thereunder: G. Catriona McCracken and John Sturm. Hard copy rec'd 8/26/10.  Date: 7/28/2010 Action:  SERVICE LIST CHANGE      Description IDAHO POWER's Notice of Change of Address of McDowell Rackner & Gibson, counsel for Idaho Power; Filed electronically by Wendy McIndoo. Hard copy rec'd 7/30/10.  Date: 6/4/2010 Action:  SERVICE LIST CHANGE      Description RNP's Notice of Change in Service List, removing Ann English Gravatt and adding Megan Walseth Decker to the docket service list. RNP waives paper service; Filed electronically by John W. Stephens; Hard copy rec'd 6/7/10.  Date: 2/9/2010 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description Susan Ackerman's Notice of Withdrawal as Counsel for NIPPC (Northwest and Intermountain Power Producers Coalition); Filed electronically by Ms. Ackerman.  Date: 8/12/2009 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description Renewable Northwest Project's Notice of Change in Service List (replacing John Audley with Ann English Gravatt); filed electronically by John W. Stephens. Hard copy rec'd 8/14/09.  Date: 1/27/2009 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description RENEWABLE NORTHWEST PROJECT's Notice of Change in Service List, replacing Ann English Gravatt witgh John Audley. Filed electronically by John W. Stephens; Hard copy rec'd 1/28/09.  Date: 10/10/2008 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Request for Change to Service List, adding Mike Youngblood; Filed electronically by Wendy McIndoo for Lisa F. Rackner; Hard copy rec'd 10/13/08.  Date: 7/21/2008 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Request for Change to Service List replacing Sandra D. Holmes with Christa Bearry; Filed electronically by Amie Jamieson. Hard copy rec'd 7/22/08.   Date: 1/30/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description NW ENERGY COALITION's Final Comments; Filed electronically by Steven D. Weiss; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Closing Comments; Filed electronically by Irion Sanger; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's letter stating it: "will not be filing reply comments at this time", but "generally concur[s] with the Final Comments of PacifiCorp and PGE". Filed electronically by Lisa Rackner; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description RENEWABLE NORTHWEST PROJECT's Reply Comments; Filed electronically by John W. Stephens; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description PACIFICORP's and PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY's (joint) Final Comments, together with Exhibits 1& 2. Filed electronically by Katherine A. McDowell on behalf of PacifiCorp and Douglas Tingey on behalf of PGE; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description CITIZENS' UTILITY BOARD OF OREGON's Comments on Parties' Proposals; Filed electronically by Bob Jenks; Hard copy rec'd 1/30/08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description NIPPC’s (Northwest and Intermountain Power Producers Coalition's) Reply Comments, with attachments A & B; Filed electronically by Susan K. Ackerman; Hard copy rec'd 1-30-08.  Date: 1/29/2008 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description STAFF's Reply Comments; Filed by Lois Meerdink for Lisa Schwartz; Electronic version and hard copy rec'd 1-29-08.  Date: 12/24/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PACIFICORP's Revised CIM/pp Proposal (with notation on cover letter it was intended to be filed on 12/21/07 with Joint Utilities' version of Staff's Proposal). Filed electronically by Amie Jamieson; Hard copy rec'd 12/26/07.  Date: 12/21/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description JOINT UTILITIES' (PACIFICORP, IDAHO POWER, & PGE's) Version of (Staff) Proposal; Filed electronically by Amie Jamieson on behalf of the joint parties; Hard copy rec'd 12/24/07.  Date: 12/21/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description NIPPC's Final Proposal, together with redlined version comparing to Staff's version; Filed electronically by Susan K. Ackerman; Hard copy rec'd 12/24/07.  Date: 12/21/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description NW ENERGY COALITION's Alternative Proposal; Filed by Steven Weiss; Electronic version and hard copy rec'd 12/21/07.  Date: 12/21/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description STAFF's Proposal; Filed by Kay Barnes for Michael Weirich; Electronic version and hard copy rec'd 12/21/07.  Date: 12/18/2007 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Signatory Pages related to Protective Order No. 07-513; Filed electronically by Wendy L. McIndoo; Hard copies rec'd 12/19/07. Qualified Persons thereunder: Bart Kline, Lisa F. Rackner, Wendy L. McIndoo, J.R. Gale, Gregory W. Said, Lisa Nordstrom, Sandra D. Holmes, M. Mark Stokes, Randy C. Allphin, and Karl E. Bokenkamp.   Date: 12/4/2007 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY's Signatory Pages related to Protective Order No. 07-513; Filed electronically by Douglas C. Tingey; Hard copy rec'd 12/5/07. Qualified persons thereunder: Douglas C. Tingey, J. Richard George, Jennifer B. Frotton, Stephanie A. Adams, Sheila M. Cox, Randy Dahlgren, Patrick Hager, Lori Hemmele, Brian Moffenbeier, Kim Eshelman, Steve Schue, and Steve Grove.   Date: 11/29/2007 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Signatory Page related to Protective Order No. 07-513; electronically filed by Randall J. Falkenberg. Hard copy rec'd 11/30/07. Person qualified thereunder: Randall J. Falkenberg  Date: 11/27/2007 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description CITIZENS' UTILITY BOARD OF OREGON's Signatory Pages related to Protective Order No. 07-513; electronically filed by Lowrey Brown. Hard copy rec'd 11/28/07. Persons qualified thereunder: Jason G. Eisdorfer, Bob Jenks, Lowrey R. Brown and Shannon K. Floyd.  Date: 11/26/2007 Action:  SIGNATORY PAGES      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Signatory Page related to Protective Order No. 07-513; electronically filed by Irion Sanger. Hard copy rec'd 11/27/07. Persons qualified thereunder: Irion Sanger, Melinda J. Davison, S. Bradley Van Cleve, Allen Chan, Christian Griffen, Ruth Miller and Eric Shelton.  Date: 11/21/2007 Action:  PROTECTIVE ORDER      Order No:   07-513    Description Order No. 07-513--Protective Order signed by Patrick Power, Administrative Law Judge; DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR PROTECTIVE ORDER GRANTED. Copies served electronically 11/21/07 and via U.S. Mail 11/23/07.  Date: 11/19/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC's Request for Change to Service List, replacing J. Richard George with Douglas Tingey; electronically filed by Douglas Tingey. Hard copy rec'd 11/20/07. (See Motion for Protective Order for electronic version.)  Date: 11/19/2007 Action:  MOTION      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC's Motion for Protective Order, together with Request for Change for Service List; electronically filed by Douglas C. Tingey. Hard copy rec'd 11/20/07. (Request for Change to Service list docketed separately.)  Date: 11/6/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Memorandum; DISPOSITION: SCHEDULE CHANGE ADOPTED. Copies served electronically 11/6/07 and via U.S. Mail 11/7/07.  Date: 11/1/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description Staff and Parties' Status Update (and Motion to adopted schedule docketed and posted separately). Electronically filed by Michael T. Weirich. Hard copy rec'd 11/1/07.  Date: 11/1/2007 Action:  MOTION      Description Staff's filing of parties Motion to adopt schedule (and status update docketed and posted separately). Electronically filed by Michael T. Weirich. Hard copy rec'd.11/1/07.  Date: 10/4/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Ruling; DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR CHANGE IN SCHEDULE GRANTED. Copies served electronically 10/4/07 and via U.S. Mail 10/5/07.  Date: 10/4/2007 Action:  MOTION      Description PACIFICORP, dba PACIFIC POWER's Motion for Change in Schedule; electronically filed by Katherine A. McDowell. Hard copy rec'd 10/9/07.   Date: 10/1/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PACIFICORP (Pacific Power)'s revised spreadsheet attachment to its CIM/pp proposal; electronically filed by Katherine A. McDowell. Hard copy rec'd 10/2/07.  Date: 9/26/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Request for Change to Service List; electronically filed by Lisa F. Rackner. Hard copy rec'd 9/27/07  Date: 9/13/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PACIFICORP's CIM/pp proposal; electronically filed by Katherine A. McDowell. Hard copy rec'd 9/14/07.  Date: 9/13/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description NORTHWEST AND INTERMOUNTAIN POWER PRODUCER'S COALITION (NIPPC)'s Bias Proposal and version of the CIM/pp incentives proposal (Melded Proposal); electronically filed by Susan K. Ackerman. Hard copy rec'd 9/14/07.  Date: 8/17/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description STAFF's Status Report re: PacifiCorp and NIPPC proposals, and anticipated filing of final proposals on 9/13/07 and comments on 10/5/07.  Date: 8/6/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description Staff's status update on this docket. Electronically filed by Jason W. Jones. Hard copy rec'd 8/6/07.   Date: 7/30/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power's Memorandum; DISPOSITION: Parties Directed to Confer; Copies served electronically 7/30/07 and via U.S. Mail 7/31/07.  Date: 7/18/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Waiver of Paper Service; Filed electronically by Eric G. Shelton; Hard copy rec'd 7/23/07.  Date: 6/15/2007 Action:  HEARING      Description MEMORANDUM OF NOTICE OF WORKSHOP scheduled 6/26/2007 1:30 PM City: SALEM Room: MAIN HEARING RM--1ST FLR Building: PUC Address: 550 CAPITOL ST NE Reporter: NONE Law Judge: PATRICK POWER Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 6/15/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description THE RENEWABLE NORTHWEST PROJECT's Opening Comments. Electronically filed by John W. Stephens. Hard copy rec'd 6/1/07; Amended certificate of service filed electronically 6/1/07 & by hard copy 6/6/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC's Opening Comments, together with two attachments. Electronically filed by J. Richard George. Hard copy rec'd. 6/1/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description IDAHO POWER's Opening Comments with Exhibit 1. Electronically filed by Lisa F. Rackner. Hard copy rec'd 6/1/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description PACIFICORP's Opening Comments with Exhibits 1 - 3. Electronically filed by Katherine A. McDowell. Hard copy rec'd 6/1/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description NORTHWEST AND INTERMOUNTAIN POWER PRODUCERS COALITION's Opening Comments. Electronically filed by Susan K. Ackerman. Hard copy rec'd. 6/1/07.   Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description CUB's Opening Comments. Electronically filed by Lowrey R. Brown. Hard copy rec'd 6/1/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Opening Comments; Electronically filed by Irion Sanger for S. Bradley Van Cleve; Hard copy rec'd 6/1/07.  Date: 5/31/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description STAFF's Opening Comments. Electronically filed by Neoma Lane for Michael Weirich. Hard copy rec'd. 6/1/07.  Date: 5/16/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY's Final Straw Proposals; Filed electronically by Patrick G. Hager; Hard copy rec'd 5/17/07.  Date: 5/16/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description ICNU's Return on Equity Adjustment Straw Proposal; Filed by Christian Griffen on behalf of Melinda Davison; Hard copy rec'd 5/17/07.  Date: 4/30/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description STAFF's Status Report; electronically and hard-copy filed by Neoma Lane on behalf of Mike Weirich.   Date: 4/30/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Memorandum; DISPOSITION: SCHEDULE MODIFIED; DATE SET FOR WORKSHOP. Copies served electronically 4/30/07 and via U.S. Mail 5/1/07.  Date: 4/23/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Memorandum; DISPOSITION: SCHEDULE MODIFIED; PARTIES DIRECTED TO CONFER. Copies served electronically 4/23/07 and via U.S. Mail 4/24/07.  Date: 3/23/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power's Memorandum; DISPOSITION: Proposed Schedule Adopted; Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 3/26/07.  Date: 3/22/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description Staff's Status Report. Electronically filed by Mike Weirich. Hard copy rec'd 3/22/07.   Date: 3/15/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description PacifiCorp's request for change in service list, removing Laura Beane and adding Michelle Mishoe and PacifiCorp Oregon Dockets, and waiver of paper service; Electronically filed by Andrea L. Kelly. Hard copy rec'd. 3/16/07.   Date: 3/12/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Memorandum; DISPOSITION: PARTIES DIRECTED TO CONFER; REPORT TO COMMISSION. Copies served electronically 3/12/07 and via U.S. Mail 3/13/07.  Date: 2/13/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power's Ruling; DISPOSITION: Petition to Intervene Granted Conditionally; Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 2/13/07.  Date: 2/9/2007 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description RENEWABLE NORTHWEST PROJECT's Petition to Intervene Late filed, with contacts of John W. Stephens and Ann Gravatt; and request for Waiver of Paper Service; Filed electronically by Maureen Chinakos on behalf of John W. Stephens; Hard copy rec'd 2/13/07.  Date: 2/9/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power's Memorandum; DISPOSITION: Amended Schedule Adopted; Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 2/9/07.  Date: 2/7/2007 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY’s Letter Response to ALJ Memorandum issued on January 23, 2007; electronically filed by Kimberly Perry on behalf of Lisa F. Rackner. Hard copy rec'd 2/8/07.  Date: 2/5/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Notice of Substitution of Counsel, replacing Ater Wynne LLP with McDowell & Rackner PC; Filed electronically by Lisa F. Rackner; Hard copy rec'd 2/6/07.  Date: 1/23/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Corrected Memorandum rescheduling workshop and directing parties to confer and report regarding the schedule. Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 1/23/07.  Date: 1/22/2007 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Patrick Power issues Memorandum; DISPOSITION: MOTION TO RESCHEDULE WORKSHOP GRANTED; PARTIES DIRECTED TO CONFER AND REPORT REGARDING SCHEDULE. Copies served electronically 1/22/07.  Date: 1/19/2007 Action:  MOTION      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Motion to Modify Schedule; electronically filed by Wendy Martin on behalf of Lisa F. Rackner. Hard copy rec'd 1/22/07.  Date: 1/12/2007 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description NORTHWEST INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS COALITION's Change of Address for Susan K. Ackerman; electronically filed by Susan K. Ackerman. Hard copy rec'd 1/16/07.  Date: 11/22/2006 Action:  COMMENTS/RESPONSE      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY's letter stating it has no objections to ALJ Kirkpatrick's November 20, 2006 ruling; electronically filed by J. Richard George. Hard copy rec'd 11/24/06.  Date: 11/20/2006 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Traci A.G. Kirkpatrick issues Ruling; DISPOSITION: MOTION TO AMEND SCHEDULE CONDITIONALLY GRANTED. Copies served electronically 11/20/06, and via mail 11/21/06.  Date: 11/17/2006 Action:  MOTION      Description NIPPC’s Motion to Amend the Schedule. Electronically filed by Susan K. Ackerman. Hard copy rec'd 11/20/06.  Date: 10/24/2006 Action:  LAW JUDGE RULING/MEMORANDA      Description ALJ Traci A.G. Kirkpatrick issues Ruling; DISPOSITION: PETITIONS TO INTERVENE GRANTED. Copies served electronically and vis U.S. Mail 10/24/06.  Date: 10/13/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description NIPPC's Petition to Intervene; electronically filed by Susan K. Ackerman. Hard copy rec'd 10/16/06.   Date: 10/13/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description PACIFICORP' Petition to Intervene; electronically filed by Charlene Dobbins. Hard copy rec'd 10/16/06.  Date: 10/13/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description PRAISE THE WIND, LLC's Petition to Intervene; electronically filed by Ann Fisher. Hard copy rec'd 10/16/06.  Date: 10/10/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC's Petition to Intervene; faxed by Jennifer Frotton on behalf of J. Richard George. Hard copy rec'd 10/11/06.  Date: 10/3/2006 Action:  LAW JUDGE CONFERENCE REPORT      Description ALJ Traci A. G. Kirkpatrick issues CORRECTED Prehearing Conference Report setting the procedural schedule in the docket. Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 10/3/06.  Date: 10/2/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description IDAHO POWER COMPANY's Petition to Intervene, together with waiver of paper service; electronically filed by Wendy Martin on behalf of Lisa F. Rackner. Hard copy rec'd 10/3/06.  Date: 10/2/2006 Action:  LAW JUDGE CONFERENCE REPORT      Description ALJ Traci A. G. Kirkpatrick issues Prehearing Conference Report setting the procedural schedule in the docket. Copies served electronically and via U.S. Mail 10/2/06.  Date: 9/28/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS OF NORTHWEST UTILITIES' Petition to Intervene; electronically filed by Christian W. Griffen on behalf of Irion Sanger. Hard copy rec'd 10/2/06.  Date: 9/26/2006 Action:  PETITION TO INTERVENE      Description NW ENERGY COALITION's petition to intervene; electronically filed by Steven Weiss. Hard copy rec'd 9/27/06.  Date: 9/15/2006 Action:  CONFERENCE      Description NOTICE OF PREHEARING CONFERENCE scheduled 9/29/2006 9:30 AM City: SALEM Room: MAIN HEARING RM--1ST FLR Building: PUC Address: 550 CAPITOL ST NE Reporter: NONE Law Judge: KIRKPATRICK, TRACI Dial-In Provided: 503-365-4439, Code 6782#. Copies served electronically 9/15/06 and via U.S. Mail 9/18/06 to UM 1276 and AHD Electric Service Lists.   Date: 9/11/2006 Action:  OTHER FILING/PLEADING      Description CUB Request for Change to Service List. Electronically filed by Jason Eisdorfer. Hard copy rec'd 9/12/06.  Date: 8/28/2006 Action:  NOTICE      Description CITIZENS' UTILITY BOARD's Notice of Intervention & Waiver of Paper Service; electronically filed by Lowrey Brown on behalf of Jason Eisdorfer. Hard copy rec'd 8/29/06.  Date: 8/22/2006 Action:  INITIAL (APPLICATION, COMPLAINT, PETITION)      Description In the Matter of THE PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION OF OREGON An investigation regarding performance-based ratemaking mechanisms to address potential build-vs.-buy bias. Filed by Steve W. Chriss. (Staff report for August 22, 2006 Public Meeting, Item No. 1.)